Recently we were commissioned to assist on a due diligence investigation for one of our clients for the proposal of its headquarters to undertake initial public offering (IPO) and to list on the Securities Exchange overseas.

First, we discuss Initial Public Offering (IPO). IPO is done by a company who wants to have their stock be sold to the public through the Stocks or Securities Exchange. That is why it is usually referred to “going public”. Since this involves “selling” this could also mean raising cash for the company, hence increasing capital.

One of the requirements to be done to get into IPO is due diligence. Here we will talk only about legal due diligence. It is a comprehensive investigation of company’s legal requirements, checking of company’s compliance to relevant authorities, and a thorough understanding of all the company’s obligations. This kind of practice greatly requires examination of legal matters.

For the legal due diligence that we had with one of our clients for the purpose of IPO, we performed the following actions:

• Confirm the good standing of the Company (i.e. that the Company is duly incorporated in Thailand and registered accordingly and that its statutory records and filings with the relevant authorities are up to date and accurate);
• Confirm current ownership structure of the Company (i.e. details of all issued shares of the Company; and details of ownership (legal and beneficial) and control of the Company);
• Confirm details of all directors; secretaries and officers of the Company;
• Review all statutory records and registers of the Company, filings and the minute books available in the data room (access to be provided) and through publicly available searches;
• Verify the details of all existing encumbrances of the Company;
• Perform litigation and winding-up searches on the Company;
• Confirm that the Company has all governmental, statutory or other permits, authorities or licenses required in order for it to satisfy its obligations under material contracts to which it is a party;
• Verify that all fees due in relation to all Licenses have been paid and all conditions are complied with;
• Confirm full details of any current breach of any License (as per publicly available information);
• Confirm that the Proposed Restructure / Proposed Listing will not result in a breach of any License or an entitlement for the issuer to revoke, qualify or vary any License; and;
• Review all material contracts in respect of which the Company is a party and provide summary (including details of change of control triggered by the IPO and Proposed Restructure).

IPO is a way to potential growth for any company. But this move would never be easy for anyone; one should be eligible by all means since it involves the public and not all companies would qualify to have their stocks be listed publicly. The company should consider on whom they can rely for the process in undertaking IPO for it to be successful. At MSNA Group, we have our Thai Accountants and Thai Lawyers that has good background on financial and legal aspects of businesses in Thailand to serve in any way possible in attaining our client’s targets. And as our commitment, we will be with them every step of their way – from start-up to growth.

Moreover, due diligence investigation can be carried out for different purposes, the most common purpose for this service is when a potential buyer would like to evaluate a business or company for merger and/or acquisition and another would be, as we’ve mentioned earlier, when a company would like to have their shares be available and listed publicly.

Contact MSNA for Due Diligence Services.

With regard to the recently issued Announcement of the Board of Investment No. 1/2557, the Thailand BOI is encouraging both BOI-promoted and non-BOI promoted manufacturers to invest additionally for the improvement of production efficiency. This improvement is to be achieved through 3 measures as follows:-

The announcement includes 3 measures as follows:

1. A measure to promote energy conservation, alternative energy utilization, or reduction of negative environmental impact. The investor must submit an investment plan detailing proposed upgrading of machinery to save energy, a plan to introduce alternative energy into the project or a plan to reduce damaging environmental impact according to the stipulated criteria.
2. A measure to promote investment to upgrade manufacturing technology and machinery to increase production efficiency. Investors must submit an investment plan detailing replacement or modification of machinery used in automated production lines.
3. A measure to promote investment in research and development to upgrade manufacturing technology and advanced engineering designs for improving efficiency. Investors must submit an investment plan for research and development or implementation of advanced engineer designs that conform to the stipulated criteria. Investors with large projects must invest no less than 1% of their total revenue for the first three years from the date of application submission in research and development or advanced engineering designs. For SMEs, projects must invest no less than 0.5% of their total revenue for the first three years from the date the application is submitted in research and development or advanced engineering designs.

Interested investors for incentives under these measures must operate businesses of a type that is specified on the BOI list of businesses that are eligible for promotion. The minimum capital investment requirement for each project must not be less than 1 million Baht, excluding land cost and working capital. For Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) projects, the BOI requires an investment value of Baht 500,000, excluding the cost of land and working capital.

The incentives given to approved projects in all zones include exemption from import duty on machinery and a three-year corporate income tax exemption based on the revenue of an existing project, and will not exceed 50% of the total investment value under this measure, excluding land cost and working capital. Project applications must be submitted by December 31, 2017 and the projects must be completed within three years from the date the promotion certificate is issued.

The investment promotion measures to improve production efficiency are in accordance with the National Economic and Social Development Plan No. 11 which outlines a strategy for restructuring the economy to ensure quality and sustainable growth, with the focus on improving manufacturing production efficiency and promoting the use of advanced science, technology and innovation while also furthering the use of clean energy and alternative energy.

Know more about Thailand BOI promotion and its benefits for your business. Consult with ThaiLawyers for getting BOI certificate, Thai company registration, visa and work permit application.

The Thai Immigration has recently announced the new regulations for extension of temporary stay in Thailand. Under the Order of Royal Thai Police No. 327/2557 which has been effective since 29 August 2014, the regulations that have been changed are as follows:

1. Foreign nationals of certain countries entitled for Visa Exemption for tourism purposes and permitted to stay in the Kingdom for 30 days upon arrival according to the Interior Ministerial Announcements, shall be granted extension of stay for one time and not exceeding 30 days from the expiry date.
2. In case that the application for extension of temporary stay is not approved due to incomplete qualifications and the foreigner has been granted extension of stay for 7 days in order to leave the Kingdom, such foreigner is not able to appeal for reconsideration of non-permission.
3. For the reason of study in a private educational institution particularly for Non-school system (such as Language School etc.) each permission of stay shall be granted for not longer than 90 days but the total permitted period of stay for this reason consecutively shall not exceed one year from the date of entry into the Kingdom.
4. For the reason of performing duties in a public charity organization, a foundation, a non-government organization, an association, a foreign chamber of commerce, the Federation of Thai Industries, in case of no certification letter by the relevant government department, each permission of stay shall be granted for not longer than 90 days but the total permitted period of stay for this reason consecutively shall not exceed one year from the date of entry into the Kingdom.

Contact ThaiLawyers for your visa and work permit questions.

One of our accounting clients asked a question about VAT on their export.

I would like to know if the export portion of my product sales which is roasted whole coffee beans grown, roasted and packed in Thailand, is classified as 0% VAT? The challenge is that I export only 1 or 2 kg per shipment and it is done by EMS courier and then sent via a Thai Post Office. I do not export from an airport or customs point. Kindly clarify. I have been told conflicting answers and I can’t seem to find a definitive answer. Your assistance is greatly appreciated.

Thai Accountant answered: When you export products from Thailand, you must do it via customs. Sending it by post or EMS, you still can declare it with the Customs Department of Thailand. You need to tell the post office that you want to declare Customs, which normally is done using form EMS Por 256. When exporting your products using DHL or Fedex, you need to tell them that you want to send your products through customs. They will prepare some customs export shipment papers for you.

If you do not have Customs export shipment papers, the Thai Revenue Department will treat your sale as domestic one, which is subject to 7% VAT.

Contact MSNA for your accounting and tax questions.

If your business is software related, BOI is the best way to set up your business in Thailand.

The BOI promoted company has the following advantages:

1. The company needs only THB 1 M capital/investment.

2. The company can be owned 100% by foreigners.

3. The company can get more work permits for its foreign technicians or experts than non-BOI companies. (Normally, a non-BOI company needs to have at least THB 2M capital for each work permit and must hire 4 Thai employees for each work permit it is getting.)

4. The promoted company is permitted to own land which is to be used as its location to do software business only.

5. The promoted company is exempted for the import duty on the machinery (hardware and software.)

6. The promoted company is exempted for corporate income tax on the net profit generated from the promoted activity for a period of 8 years as from the date it starts to generate such income.

7. The dividends derived from the promoted activity are also tax exempted.

8. The promoted company is allowed to transfer money to overseas in foreign currency.

Read Thailand BOI information and contact MSNA for consultation on getting BOI for your software business.

Thailand BOI has recently approved the seven-year draft investment promotion strategy which will commence from 2015 to 2021. The new investment strategy will shift from broad-based to focused and prioritized investment promotion that will lead to the restructuring of the Thai economy. It will also move the country forward to become a higher-income economy with sustainable growth in the long run.

The new strategy will still offer promotional privileges to seven groups of industries: agro-industry and agricultural products; mining, ceramics and basic metals; light industry, metal products, machinery and transport equipment, electronics industry and electrical appliances; chemicals, paper and plastic; and services and public utilities although greater emphasis will be placed on high technology, high added value, research and development or design and environmentally friendly activities.

There are two types of incentives to be offered: (1) activity-based incentives and; (2) merit-based incentives. For instance, basic incentives will be offered in accordance with the types of activities. Additional incentives will also be provided for projects that will benefit the country, such as research and development, high-skill development, and the distribution of wealth to regional areas.

Meanwhile, the previous zoning policy, whereby Thailand was divided into three zones for investment purposes, will be revoked. It will be replaced by the promotion of new regional clusters in order to create new investment concentration in each region and stronger value chains.

Moreover, the new strategy will attach importance to both inbound and outbound investment promotion. This will help ease constraints in terms of domestic resources. It will also enable the country to seek new business opportunities for the Thai private sector, especially when the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) goes into full effect and Thailand plays a greater role in the international arena.

In this regard, the first target countries include Indonesia, Myanmar, Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos. The second ones are China, India and other ASEAN nations, while the third group includes Central Asia, South Asia and Africa.

Contact MSNA for company setup, BOI promotion, Foreign Business License, factory license, visa and work permit application in Thailand.

One of our tax clients is planning to purchase a condominium unit in Bangkok. He asked us if there is any tax to be paid to the authorities. Today, we answer his question based on two scenarios: if the condominium will be purchased under his name or the company’s name.

1. When he buys it in his name, he needs to hold it for 5 years otherwise, he has to pay for Specific Business Tax (SBT) 3.3% of the selling price when he sells it on top of the 2% transfer fee and his personal income tax because it will be considered as purchasing a condo for business purpose. However, if he sells the unit after 5 years, he doesn’t have to pay for SBT of 3.3% although he needs to pay for the transfer fee and income tax.

2. When the purchase is done in company’s name, the company has to pay the transfer fee plus Specific Business Tax 3.3% of the selling price whether he sells it before 5 years or after. Although we are not yet sure how much corporate income tax the company has to pay in the future, tax will be based on the net profit of the company, part of which is the profit from selling the condominium. Furthermore, if he use it personally, when the Revenue Department comes to check the condominium and they know that he is staying there, they will make the company charge him for rent and this will be part of company’s income. The company can also use the depreciation of the condo as company’s expenses.

Contact MSNA for your accounting, tax and other business needs in Thailand.

Today, we answer a question from one of our accounting clients regarding the tax withheld by overseas-based company. Can they recover this cost?

In theory, the tax withheld by another country should be a tax credit to the Thai company, but only if the company makes profit and will have to pay tax, then this tax credit will lower the amount of tax check it has to pay to the Revenue Department.

Hence, to use the withholding tax as tax credit, the company needs the following documents to prove it:

1. The withholding tax certificate issued by the client overseas, and has to attach its Thai translation too.
2. The proof of payment for the service on the transaction.

Know more about Thailand withholding tax and how it works. Contact MSNA for your Thailand accounting and tax questions.

Today, we talk about the entertainment expenses or those expenditures incurred to entertain a client, customer or staff as part of generating income for the business as well as how to treat it as add-back portion according to Thai tax laws.

The Revenues and Expenses are the two vital items in an Income Statement report; the difference between these two items is called the Net Income. Revenues are the income received by a Company usually from sale of goods and services while expenses are the itemized deductions or costs incurred by the company during its course of business. In the Accounting point of view, all the relevant expenses incurred in carrying and doing the business is considered deductible, but in the Tax Laws’ point of view some or a percentage of these expenses are not considered deductible. One good example for this kind of expense is the Entertainment Expense.

The actual entertainment an expense is to be deducted from gross income. However, in the Thai Tax laws, the total deduction of entertainment expenses in an accounting period shall not exceed 0.3 % of total gross revenue or gross sales, or of the paid-up capital, whichever is greater. In addition, the total entertainment expenses allowed for deduction shall not exceed Baht 10 million.

Hence, if Company A incurred entertainment expense amounting to 10,000, total revenue of 100,000 and a shared capital of 200,000, the total add-back portion added to the accounting net income/loss to arrive for the total taxable net income/loss will be the difference between the entertainment expense allowed by law which is 0.03% of the shared capital or the total revenues whichever is higher. In such case it is 200,000 less 10,000 actual entertainment expense incurred per book or 4,000.

Contact MSNA for your Thai accounting and tax questions.

Today, we outline the two sections of the Revenue Code which talk about the assessment of corporate income tax from gross income and why a Thai company may be liable to submit income tax on behalf of its oversea-based parent company.

Section 71 – Assessing tax from gross income

In the case where:

(1) a company or juristic partnership does not file particulars necessary for tax calculation under the provisions of this Part or does not keep a book of account or does not follow requirements prescribed under Sections 17 and 68 Bis or does not bring books of account, documents or other evidence to an assessment official for interrogation under Section 19 or Section 23, the assessment official shall have the power to assess tax at the rate of 5 per cent of gross income before deduction of any expenses or gross sales before deduction of expenses of the accounting period, whichever is higher. If gross income before deduction of expenses or gross sales before deduction of expenses cannot be determined, the assessment official shall have the power to assess by comparing with the gross amount of the previous accounting period. If the amount of the previous accounting period cannot be determined, he shall assess as he deems appropriate.

(2) If any company or juristic partnership does not record particulars or records incompletely or does not record accurately within an account as prescribed under Sections 17 and 68 Bis resulting in paying no tax or less tax, an assessment official shall have the power to assess missing tax at the rate specified in Section 67 and may order that person to pay surcharge of two times of the amount of missing tax.

(3) If any company or juristic partnership does not comply with the Director-General’s order which is exercised under Section 17, an assessment official shall have the power to order that company or juristic partnership to comply with the Director-General’s order within thirty days from the date of receiving the order of such assessment official or he may order it to provide a person to comply with the Director-General’s order at the office of the assessment official within the above time period. If the company or juristic partnership does not comply or complies incompletely, the assessment official shall have the power to assess tax at the rate and procedures as mentioned in (1).

The provisions of this Section does not prevent the rights of an assessment official to assess tax payment under the provisions of other Sections.

The assessment under the provisions of this Section may be appealed.

Section 76Bis – A company incorporated under foreign laws which shall be deemed to be carrying on business in Thailand

For a company or juristic partnership incorporated under foreign laws which has an employee, an agent or a go-between for carrying on business in Thailand and as a result receives income or profits in Thailand, such company or juristic partnership shall be deemed to be carrying on business in Thailand and the person who acts as an employee, an agent or a go-between for the business, whether he is an individual or a juristic person, shall be deemed to be the representative of the company or juristic partnership incorporated under foreign laws and shall have the duty and liability to file a tax return and tax payment in accordance with the provisions of this Part, with respect to only the above mentioned income or profits.

In the case mentioned in paragraph 1, if a person who has the duty and liability to file a tax return and tax payment cannot calculate net profits for tax purposes under the provisions of this Part, the provisions regarding tax assessment under Section 71 (1) shall apply mutatis mutandis.

The assessment under this Section may be appealed.

Contact MSNA for your Thai accounting and tax questions.